# Python Turtle Module

Turtle graphics is a popular way for introducing programming to kids. It was part of the original Logo programming language developed by Wally Feurzeig and Seymour Papert in 1966.

## Importing the Module

```python
import turtle
```

## Basic Usage

To use turtle, you need to create a screen and a turtle object (though you can use the module functions directly for a default turtle).

```python
import turtle

s = turtle.getscreen()
t = turtle.Turtle()

t.forward(100)
t.right(90)
t.forward(100)

turtle.done() # Keeps the window open
```

## Movement

*   `forward(distance)` or `fd(distance)`: Move the turtle forward.
*   `backward(distance)` or `bk(distance)`: Move the turtle backward.
*   `right(angle)` or `rt(angle)`: Turn the turtle right.
*   `left(angle)` or `lt(angle)`: Turn the turtle left.
*   `goto(x, y)`: Move the turtle to position x,y.

```python
t.fd(50)
t.lt(45)
t.bk(50)
```

## Drawing Shapes

### Circle

```python
t.circle(50) # Radius 50
```

### Square

```python
for _ in range(4):
    t.fd(100)
    t.rt(90)
```

## Pen Control

*   `penup()` or `pu()`: Lifts the pen up (no drawing).
*   `pendown()` or `pd()`: Puts the pen down (drawing).
*   `pensize(width)`: Sets the thickness of the line.
*   `pencolor(color)`: Sets the color of the pen.

```python
t.pu()
t.goto(-50, -50)
t.pd()
t.pensize(5)
t.pencolor("red")
t.circle(20)
```

## Filling Shapes

To fill a shape with color:

1.  Set the fill color using `fillcolor()`.
2.  Call `begin_fill()`.
3.  Draw the shape.
4.  Call `end_fill()`.

```python
t.fillcolor("yellow")
t.begin_fill()
t.circle(50)
t.end_fill()
```

## Screen Control

*   `bgcolor(color)`: Sets the background color.
*   `title(string)`: Sets the window title.
*   `clearscreen()`: Clears the screen.

```python
turtle.bgcolor("blue")
turtle.title("My Turtle Program")
```

[[programming/python/python]]